{"id":1146,"date":"2020-07-16T19:31:35","date_gmt":"2020-07-16T23:31:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/haidut.me\/?p=1146"},"modified":"2020-07-16T19:31:35","modified_gmt":"2020-07-16T23:31:35","slug":"simple-metabolic-change-sufficient-to-turn-normal-cells-into-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/?p=1146","title":{"rendered":"Simple metabolic change sufficient to turn &#8220;normal&#8221; cells into &#8220;cancer&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Yet another study exposing the fraud\/myth that somehow &#8220;cancer&#8221; cells are different and evil and as such the only hope for curing cancer is killing them before they kill their &#8220;host&#8221;. The central dogma of oncology is that genetic mutations happen first (and randomly so). Then, once a &#8220;cancerous&#8221; mutation happens the cell is fundamentally changed and all subsequent metabolic and structural derangements are a mere result of these (permanent) mutations. Well, when it comes to lymphoma at least, the study below begs to disagree. It demonstrates that a simple increase in activity of an enzyme involved in serine\/glycine metabolism and also generations of extra methyl groups (which confirms the role of overmethylation in cancer genesis) is fully sufficient to trigger the &#8220;cancerization&#8221; of a normal B cells into B cell lymphoma. Again, there is no actual &#8220;conversion&#8221; into a different cell type, there is simply change in behavior due to restrictive\/suboptimal environment and metabolic deficiency. As soon as those are corrected, the &#8220;cancer&#8221; cells usually revert to &#8220;normal&#8221;. The authors of the study themselves state so and argue that metabolic therapies hold great promise for treating at least this type of &#8220;cancer&#8221;. Cancer is, and always has been, nothing but a metabolic derangement. As such, its fraudulent cytotoxic &#8220;treatment&#8221; over the last 100 years is the biggest genocide in the history of this world!<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43018-020-0080-0\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43018-020-0080-0<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"tpZ5J5au5M\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.genengnews.com\/news\/lymphoma-associated-metabolic-enzyme-may-be-a-drug-target\/\">Lymphoma-Associated Metabolic Enzyme May Be a Drug Target<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);\" title=\"&#8220;Lymphoma-Associated Metabolic Enzyme May Be a Drug Target&#8221; &#8212; GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genengnews.com\/news\/lymphoma-associated-metabolic-enzyme-may-be-a-drug-target\/embed\/#?secret=TFc7FyZ3DF#?secret=tpZ5J5au5M\" data-secret=\"tpZ5J5au5M\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;<strong>Cancer cells have an increased demand for building materials and energy. They meet these added demands by altering their metabolism, e.g., taking in larger amounts of fuel. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">Historically, these metabolic changes have been considered a consequence rather than a cause of cancer, and therefore not good drug targets<\/span>.<\/strong> Now, a <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>new study in\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><em><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Nature Cancer<\/strong><\/span>\u2014<\/em>\u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s43018-020-0080-0\">The serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) initiates lymphoma development through epigenetic tumor suppressor silencing<\/a>\u201d\u2014from the Sloan Kettering Institute laboratory of Hans-Guido Wendel, MD, <strong>challenges that assumption<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c<strong>Cancer cells adapt their metabolic activities to support growth and proliferation. However, increased activity of metabolic enzymes is not usually considered an initiating event in the malignant process<\/strong>. Here, we investigate the possible role of the enzyme serine hydroxymethyltransferase-2 (SHMT2) in lymphoma initiation.\u00a0<em>SHMT2<\/em>\u00a0localizes to the most frequent region of copy number gains at chromosome 12q14.1 in lymphoma. Elevated expression of\u00a0<em>SHMT2<\/em>\u00a0cooperates with\u00a0<em>BCL2<\/em>\u00a0in lymphoma development; loss or inhibition of\u00a0<em>SHMT2<\/em>\u00a0impairs lymphoma cell survival,\u201d write the investigators.<\/p>\n<p>\u201c&#8230;<strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\">SHMT2<\/span> catalyzes the conversion of serine to glycine and produces an activated one-carbon unit that can be used to <span style=\"color: #000000;\">support <em>S<\/em>-adenosyl methionine synthesis<\/span><\/strong>. SHMT2 induces changes in DNA and <strong>histone methylation patterns<\/strong> leading to promoter silencing of previously uncharacterized mutational genes, such as\u00a0<em>SASH1<\/em>\u00a0and\u00a0<em>PTPRM<\/em>. Together, our findings reveal that <strong>amplification of\u00a0<em>SHMT2<\/em>\u00a0in cooperation with\u00a0<em>BCL2<\/em> is sufficient in the initiation of lymphomagenesis through epigenetic tumor suppressor silencing<\/strong>. \u201c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>We find that increased activity of a normal metabolic enzyme, called SHMT2, is sufficient to transform normal B cells into B cell lymphomas<\/strong><\/span>,\u201d says Sara Parsa, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow in the Wendel lab and the first author of the paper.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;<strong>SHMT2\u2019s main role is to<\/strong> speed the conversion of serine into glycine, simultaneously <strong>generating a methyl group<\/strong>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>This methyl group<\/strong><\/span>, the researchers found, <strong><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">epigenetically<\/span> binds to<\/strong> the promoter of genes that encode <strong>previously unrecognized tumor suppressor proteins<\/strong>. <strong>This binding <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">turns off these tumor suppressors, resulting in B cell lymphoma<\/span><\/strong>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;While scientists have documented previous links between metabolism and cancer, most of these involve metabolic proteins that are mutated. \u201cThis may be the <span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>first time that anyone has shown that too much of a normal metabolic enzyme can drive cancer<\/strong><\/span>,\u201d Wendel says. \u201c<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>It reinforces the idea that metabolic changes can be a cause rather than simply an effect of cancer<\/strong><\/span>.\u201d He notes that the research reveals that SHMT2 could be a potential drug target for cancer therapies, provided there is a way to target it specifically in cancer cells.&#8221;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yet another study exposing the fraud\/myth that somehow &#8220;cancer&#8221; cells are different and evil and as such&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[55,1303,33,278,216,338,293,609],"class_list":["post-1146","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-science","tag-cancer","tag-cancerization","tag-cause","tag-environment","tag-epigenetic","tag-lymphoma","tag-metabolic","tag-methylation","wpcat-2-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1146","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1146"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1147,"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1146\/revisions\/1147"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/haidut.me\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}